Ashtanga's 8 Limbs

The 8 limbs of Asthanga and how they work together

The term ‘Asthanga’ literally means ‘8 limbs’ and was devised by the great sage Patanjali: he was the first to coin a systematized approach to yoga through the Yoga Sutras, one of the foundational texts of yoga. According to the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, yoga is made up of 8 ‘limbs’, or an ordered set of steps, which support each other and work together to guide practioners towards the pathway of Yoga – the divine union of mind, body and soul, leading towards a state of self realization and liberation.

Patanjali describes the 8 limbs as: Yama (abstinences), Niyama (observances), Asana (postures), Pranayama (breath control), Pratyahara (sense withdrawal), Dharana (concentration), Dhyana (meditation), and Samadhi (contemplation). Each of these branches supports each other in a sequential order. For instance, a dedicated Asana practice must be established for proper practice of Pranayama, and is also a key to the development of the Yamas and Niyamas. It is only once the four more superficial limbs are firmly established, that the last four internal limbs may develop – and this will only happen through time and practice.

The graph above can help as a simple aid to remembering the eight limbs of yoga.


Please note that the 8 Limbs of Yoga devised by Patanjali do not equate to Astanga Vinyasa, a practice founded by Sri K Patthabi Jois. Practiced in its correct sequential order, gradually leads the practitioner to rediscover his or her fullest potential on all levels of human consciousness - physical, psychological and spiritual. Through this practice of correct breathing (Ujjayi Pranayama), postures (asanas), and gazing point (dristi), we gain control of the senses and a deep awareness of ourselves. By maintaining this discipline with regularity and devotion, one acquires steadiness of body and mind.